Tui o tamaʻi povi e fai ma puipuiga o faʻamaʻi

O tui puipui e taua tele mea faigaluega e faʻaititia ai antimicrobial faʻaaogaina ma faʻatelegese ai le tulaʻi mai ma le sosolo o le antimicrobial tetee. O tui e mafai foi ona faʻaititia ai le leiloa o le gaosiga o fesoʻotaʻiga ma faʻamaʻi ma o lea ua mafua ai ona sili atu gafataulimaina gaosia manu.

O le aʻafiaga o le oti ma le faʻaletonu i tamaʻi povi e sili ona maualuga i nai vaiaso muamua o le olaga. O mafuaʻaga autu o suiga o le olaga faitino i le taimi o le vaeluaina o taimi: o le septicemia e foliga mai e tupu i tamaʻi pepe pepe (oʻo atu i le 28 aso le matua); manava tatā i tamaʻi povi e itiiti ifo i le 30 aso le matua, ma le manava manava o le susu i tamaʻi povi susu sili atu i le 30 aso le matua. I lenei vaitaimi faigata, e mafai e le aufaifaatoaga ona mafaufau i le tuiina ma isi puipuiga e faaitiitia ai le lamatiaga o faamaʻi.

O le faʻaiuga o le 'afai' ma le 'afea' e tui ai ma faʻasaga i le mea e tatau ona faia i taimi uma pe a maeʻa feutanaʻiga ma le lafu manu. E mafai e le fomaʻi manu ona faʻamautinoa le manaʻoga mo tui ma le agavaʻa mo tui e faʻaititia ai luitau o loʻo iai nei ile soifua maloloina i se faʻatoʻaga. E aofia ai le malamalama lelei i le talaʻaga o le soifua maloloina o lafumanu, faʻataʻitaʻiina o faʻataʻitaʻi o meaola, faʻafitauli o faʻamaʻi i le nofoaga, faʻatonutonuina o mea taua e ono lamatia ai ma isi faʻatonuga masani e ono aʻafia ai le soifua maloloina o manu faʻataʻitaʻi, colostrum management.

E taua tele le tuʻuina o tui i le faʻamaoniga o le vevela ma e taua tele le mulimulitaʻi i ai o taiala mo le tuiina ma le taimi o tui. Tele pulega vaega mafai faʻatapulaʻa le aoga o tui e aofia ai le le lava meaai paleni, leaga siʻosiʻomaga tulaga poʻo le i ai o parasites. O le mea lea, e taua ai le manu e le o puapuagatia i se soʻona mamafa, poʻo meaʻai le lelei poʻo faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi.

Lagolago le tamaʻi povi ia maua ni faʻaiʻuga lelei o tui

Farms specialized in bull calf rearing from a very young age often experience high frequencies of respiratory diseases. Specially during the first month after arrival. Calves are often exposed to radical changes and challenges in this period.

Vaccination could be a useful tool to enhance immunity. In other cases, vaccination seems to weaken the calves and trigger outbreaks of disease, often when calves are stressed. Whenever vaccinating, try to create the best possible conditions for the calf and minimize factors negatively affecting their immunity:

  • Opt for short transport time (max. 1-2 hours) to limit dehydration, hypothermia and exhaustion
  • Avoid mixing calves from different farms on the same truck
  • Insert calves in a clean box
  • Keep calves in small groups – preferably in pairs – at least for the first 6 weeks
  • Avoid mixing calves of different origin in the same box
  • Segregate groups of calves by solid walls or panels
  • Make sure all calves have easy access to fresh water – preferably lukewarm water from a bucket or trough
  • Feed sufficient amounts (minimum 6-7 liters/ day) of good quality milk replacer
  • Start milk feeding on the day of arrival
  • Secure good air quality and avoid draught
  • Avoid moving, mixing, feeding changes and other negative factors 3-4 days before and after vaccination

Intra-nasal vaccines can be applied at the day of arrival. Let other vaccinations wait until the calves are in a positive energy balance (e.g. from 2 weeks after arrival).

Le puipuia ma le faʻatonutonuina o mastitis i mamoe

Mastitis o o se sili a Faʻafitauli i le faʻatoʻaga susu, o se taufaʻamataʻu i le soifua maloloina manu ma le soifua manuia, gaosiga lelei, ma oloa lelei. Mastitis o le iʻuga o faʻamaʻi pipisi pei o Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp. ma Staphylococcus aureus, ulufale i le mammary gland e ala i alavai lauti, faʻamautuina se iniseti intramammary (IMI) ma mafua ai i se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻiO le faʻamaʻi mafai ona i ai i se fomaʻi poʻo subclinical fomu. 

I le subclinical fomu; faʻaitiitia le gaosiga o susu, o loʻo i ai siama i totonu o le faʻalilolilo, ma ua suia suiga. Faʻasalalau o faʻamaʻi pipisi mastitis masani tupu i le taimi o susu. Bteuteu e fesoʻotaʻi vavalalata foʻi ma siama faʻaalia o le mamoe talu ai e mafai ona tuʻusaʻo tama fetaui ma mea e momoe ai o se muamua mafuaʻaga o mastitis mafua ai pathogens. 

Suʻega e tatau ona faʻaaogaina e iloa ai le i ai o iniseti-mammary faʻamaʻi (IMI) a le tuusao (faʻavasegaina o le mafuaʻaga siama) o le le tuʻufaʻatasi (e ala i le faʻaalia o tali faʻavevesi aofia ai ma le maualuga somatic cell count-SCC). 

O se polokalame tui puipui e fautuaina ina ia aofia i le faʻatonutonuina o mastitis faʻatasi ai ma le tumama auala i lafu mamoe. Mfomaʻi faiga ono fesoasoani i le faʻaititia o le faʻasalalauina o siama, ae o togafitiga antimicrobial o mastitis e le o taimi uma e manuia ai. A le lelei togafitiga, aveʻesega o meaola faʻamaʻi mai le lafu, e puipuia ai le pipisi pipisi, atonu e talafeagai. 

le faʻatinoina o faiga o le biosecurity pei o le: 

  1. lelei le galueaina o susu ma le tatauina o susu ma le tausiga masani o le masini susuma 
  2. Faʻaogaina o le post-milking teat disinfection  

mafai ona puipuia le faʻalauiloaina ma le tuʻuina atu o mastitis i susu susu, ma o le mea lea, faʻaititia ai vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi. 

Enterotoxemia i mamoe ma tamai mamoe

Enterotoxemia o se faʻamaʻi ogaoga matuitui o laiti ruminants o uma tausaga. E mafua mai i siama e lua o siama e taʻua o le Clostridium perfringens, ituaiga C ma le D. Type C e masani ona gaosia le β-toxin, lea e masani ona fasiotia ai tamaʻi mamoe e i lalo ifo o le 2 vaiaso le matutua. O se faʻailoga masani o tamaʻi mamoe e feoti mai le β-toxin o le oti faʻafuaseʻi. O le ituaiga D e gaosia lava le ε-toxin e aʻafia ai tamaʻi mamoe e matutua atu nai lo le 2 vaiaso le matutua, ae maise lava i latou e 'aʻai i meaʻai maualuga i le masoa. O tamaʻi mamoe e aliali i le maualuga o tui o le ε-toxin e vave oti foi. O maliu e tupu faʻapitoa lava i manu e le o tuiina poʻo tamaʻi pepe faatoa fananau mai e leʻi tuiina lo latou tina.

O le tuiina o tamaʻi mamoe 3-4 vaiaso ae le i faʻamamaina le tamaʻi mamoe e faʻaleleia atili ai le puipuiga i tamaʻi mamoe e oʻo atu i le 12 vaiaso le matutua, ae leai se aoga o le tuiina o tamaʻi mamoe ae le i atoa le 6 vaiaso le matutua. Talu ai ona o le mafuaʻaga o siama mafua ai i totonu o le manava e tali atu ai i le taumafaina o le masani ai le maualuga o le masoa, suka, po o le protein, e lua auala.

  • ia vaevaeina le aso i aso uma i le tele o fafaga laiti e mafai, pe
  • ia fafaga roughages pei o vao mago muamua fafagaina nei sili atu-lamatiaga fafagaina.

Nei lelei faiga, tui ma Smart fafagaina fuafuaga, mafai ona puipuia manu maumau ma faʻaleleia lo latou soifua manuia. Puipuia o enterotoxemia e sili atu ono manuia nai lo le taumafai e togafitia le faʻamaʻi. Togafitiga o le enterotoxemia ono le manuia i ni tulaga ogaoga.