I faʻatoʻaga faʻafofoa o tamaʻi moa e faʻaleleia ai le lelei o le broiler, soifua maloloina ma faʻatinoga ma tuʻu ai i lalo le manaʻoga mo vailaʻau faʻafofoa i le gaosia o le broiler. 

O tamaʻi tamaʻi moa e masani ona ave i le faʻatoʻaga moa i se taimi puʻupuʻu pe a fananau mai e mafai ona pagatia i le mafatiaga o le faʻatautaia o le mea e teu ai meaʻai, fafaga ma le leai o se suavai, ma i taimi o femalagaiga. O lenei popolega e leaga mo le manulele 'puipuiga o le tino ma le faʻalauteleina o le tino e mafua ai le le gafatauleleia o manulele.

O le fofoa i luga o le faʻatoʻaga o se manatu fou e puipuia ai le avega o lenei popolega ona o fuamoa na maua mo le 18 aso o loʻo faʻaputuputu saʻo i luga o le faʻatoaga broiler. O tamaʻi moa fofoa e vave lava ona sao i le vai ma fafaga, faʻatagaina mo sili atu le lelei atinaʻe o latou gaʻau ma totoga. O lenei manatu e maua ai le soifua maloloina ma sili atu le malosi o manu e sili atu le maufesa i faʻamaʻi o le faʻamaʻi. O loʻo avanoa le manatu e ala ile 'auʻaunaga eseʻese o loʻo ofoina atu ni faʻapitoa polokalama (Nestborn®, One2Born® ma X-treck (Vencomatic)), e fesuisuiaʻi i manaʻoga o tagata faigaluega, faigofie ona faʻaaoga ma faʻatupeina.

Faʻamoemoeina i le faʻatoʻaga-faʻapitoa mauaina o galuega, laumua ma manaʻomia gaosiga polokalame eseʻese fofo e mafai ona manaia. I-faʻatoʻaga fofoa tatau ona ofi i le gaosiga faʻasologa talu ai e te manaʻomia se taimi faaopoopo e sauni ai lou faleʻoloa mo le isi taʻamilosaga e mafai ona fausia ai se tumutumu i tagata faigaluega manaʻoga. E le gata i lea, o isi tau faʻaopoopo mo le faʻamafanafanaina o le fale malulu i le tolu aso ua tuanaʻi o le a tupu. Tusa lava, sefeina i vailaʻau faʻaaogaina e mafai faʻapea foi ma faʻaleleia i le faʻatinoina lelei o manulele e ono mafai ona fesoasoani e faʻapaleni ai tau faʻaopoopo. Faʻataʻitaʻiga fanua i Flanders i lua faʻatoʻaga fesuiaʻi mai masani fofoa broilers i le NestBorn manatu faʻaalia se faʻaititia o latou vailaʻau faʻaogaina mo le NestBorn moa faʻatusatusa i masani broiler moa. Antibiotic faaaogaina fuaina o mg aoga mea i moa teuina faʻaititia faʻaititia e 62.76% averesi ma luga o le 18 mai le 27 faʻataamilosaga taʻamilosaga leai ni vailaʻau na faʻaaogaina i le NestBorn faiga.

Faʻalautelega sauni mo lambing 

O le vaitaimi o le tamai mamoe o se vaitaimi faigata. O sauniuniga alualu i luma o mea faigaluega a le tamai mamoe e mafai ona faaleleia atili ai le galueaina ma faaitiitia ai le mafatiaga.

O le faʻamamaina-disinfecting maliega faʻapitoa ma le lisi o mea uma lambing mea (totini lima, lubricant, lambing maea, fesoasoani e faʻasoʻo ai tamaʻi mamoe ulu i le taimi o le fanau mai), prolaps faʻagalue / taofia, iodine mo pute disinfection, thermometer e manaʻomia. I le taimi o le fananau mai faʻamautinoa le ulufale atu i: colostrum aisa, fagu fafagaina ma lauti, manava paipa, vevela moli, susu suia. Ina ia fesoasoani i tamaʻi mamoe: tui ma nila, oxytocin, malosi faʻamalosia, tui kalisiu ma fualaʻau (i lalo o vailaʻau fautuaga). Mea mulimuli lava: marker spray, tags, disinfectant mo lambing mea faigaluega ma mea e momoe ai ma disinfectant mo pen (eg straw, lime), fostering crate ma pesini mo susu tausi tamaʻi tamaʻi tama i se tina sui.

I le vaitaimi o le fanau mai, e manaʻomia e le leoleo mamoe le mulimuli i le faiga o le tamai mamoe ma ia iloa ona fesoasoani i le tamai mamoe. Dystocia o se tasi o sili ona taua fesoasoani i maliu i pepe faatoa fananau mai. O mafuaʻaga autu o le distocia o se le tutusa le lapoʻa poʻo le le lelei o le tuʻuina atu o le tamaʻi mamoe, faʻapapalaina o pepe ma le faʻateleina o tama. Fesoasoani faigata fananau mai manaʻomia manaʻoga ma teori malamalama. Ole vaitaimi ole fananau mai ole taimi sili ona vaivai ile olaga ole tamaʻi mamoe, ole mea lea o le malamalama ile mea matautia tele e mafai ona fesoasoani e atiaʻe puipuiga auala e pei ole faʻaopopoina o fafagaina ile taimi mulimuli o le maitaga ma le faʻaititia o mea ole siosiomaga popole.

Lelei fafagaina o le tamai mamoe 

I le fanau mai, o le colostrum e taua tele mo le tamaʻi manu ona e maua ai faʻamaʻi-tauivi ai faʻatama a tina faapea foi ma mea taua o loʻo totoe. Afai e le maua le colostrum pe le lava foi mai le ewe, e mafai ona avatu le tamaʻi mamoe i le colostrum mai se isi tamaʻi mamoe, ewe poʻo se povi paʻa colostrum ua faʻamafanafanaina i le vevela o le tino.

Mo uluaʻi lua vaiaso o le olaga, e manaʻomia ona fafagaina tamaʻi mamoe i le 2-3 itula (e mafai ona faia meaʻai a le po i le 4 i le 5 itula) ma le 4 itula mo vaiaso e sosoʻo mai, e tusa ai ma le tulaga o lo latou soifua maloloina.

Mo ni nai vaiaso muamua o le olaga, o mea manaʻoga o le tamai mamoe mo mea aoga e ufiufi e le susu o tina. E oʻo atu i le taimi e 4 i le 6 vaiaso le matutua o tamaʻi mamoe, atonu e oʻo atu i le 50 pasene a latou meaʻai o loʻo maua nai lo susu o latou tina.

Fafagaina polokalama o tamai mamoe eseese, e masani ona aʻafia i le ituaiga o gaosiga, maketi filifiliga, tulaga faʻafanua, ma le tau ma maua ai meaʻai. O le tele o taimi, o tamaʻi mamoe na fananau i le taumalulu e tolotolo ma fafagaina i meaʻai maualuga, aʻo tamaʻi mamoe na fananau mulimuli ane i le vaitau e uma i le laufanua lafulafu ma lafu. O nisi fafagaina polokalama faʻaaogaina uma pasture ma saito.

Colostrum pulega i tamaʻi mamoe

O le Colostrum o loʻo iai se paluga faigata o polotini o loʻo auai malosi i le puipuiga o le neonate, e ala i le pasi atu o le immune transfer, faasaga i siama ma isi faʻafitauli o le siosiomaga pe a maeʻa.

O meaola o loʻo ola i lalo o le vaʻaiga e manaʻomia le fafagaina, i le fagu, le lava o le colostrum i le taimi o latou uluaʻi aso o le olaga, ina ia maua ai le lava passive immune transfer ma faʻateleina ai le lumanai gaioiga. Ua lipotia mai o tamai mamoe e le fafagaina colostrum i itula muamua o le olaga e sili atu ona aafia i faamai ma le ola. O le mea lea, e taua tele le saunia o se sili lelei colostrum mafuaʻaga.

O tamaʻi mamoe e manaʻomia le fafagaina o le aofaʻi o colostrum (pasteurized i le 63 tikeri Celcius mo le 30 minute) tutusa ma le 8 g IgG / Kg tino mamafa, vaevaeina i tolu tutusa 'aiga i le muamua 24 itula talu ona fanau mai, tuʻuina atu 2, 14 ma 24 itula ina ua fanau mai E tutusa lea, ma le averesi, e tusa ma le 150-200 ml colostrum ile fafagaina. Ole aofaʻi ole colostrum na gaosia e le tina ma ona faʻavae e mafai ona aʻafia i le tele o mea taua e pei ole taumafa lelei ma / pe lapisi lapisi. O tamaʻi mamoe na fagaina i povi colostrum e ono lamatia ai le maua o le toto. I le faʻaopopoina i le aofaʻi o colostrum fafagaina, faʻatautaia i le taimi o le susu fafagaina ma taimi veleina, pei o le popole faʻatupuina e le faʻatanoa vai, lelei susu ma taimi susu, e mafai ona afaina ai le mulimuli puipuia tulaga o tamaʻi mamoe.

O le mea lea, o le fafagaina o pepe faatoa fananau mai ma le tele o colostrum, i le vave e mafai ai pe a uma ona fanau mai, o se aoga lelei faʻatinoga ia maua lelei pasi pasi puipuia mo le puipuia lelei o tamaʻi mamoe, o lea la ua faʻaleleia atili lo latou soifua maloloina ma tau le manaʻomia ni vailaʻau vailaʻau mo faʻamaʻi pipisi.

Faʻamamaina ole colostrum faʻapitoa ile Faʻatoʻaga mai le faʻamaʻi o Johne mafuaʻaga siama MAP e puipuia ai le faʻamatuʻu atu o povi-povi mai le paratuberculosis.

O le faʻamaʻi a Johne poʻo le Paratuberculosis i povi e ono afaina ai le tamaoaiga ma lafumanu i lafumanu ma lafumanu faʻapea foi ma le faʻaletonu o le soifua manuia o manu i falemaʻi ma faʻaiʻuga o le faʻamaʻi. O le faʻatonutonu ma le faʻamamaina o le faʻamaʻi e faigata ma umi e mafaufau ai i le umi o taimi o faʻamaʻi o le maʻi, o manu pisia na faʻamaligiina le MAP-siama (Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis) aʻo leʻi oʻo mai faʻailoga faʻailo ma le leai o faʻamaoniga saʻo i le amataga o faʻamaʻi.

It is clear that prevention is better than cure. However, in the eradication of the disease it is important to stop direct transfer from the cow to the calf. One aspect of this strategy includes clearing the MAP bacterium from the colostrum of infected cows before feeding it to newborn calves. While colostrum can be pasteurized to kill off bacteria you also risk destructing the much needed maternal antibodies that offer the calves their immunological protection in the first weeks of life.

ILVO’s food pilot has developed a decontamination protocol consisting of different heat treatments and centrifugation steps to clear the colostrum from MAP whilst optimally preserving the antibody count. First the colostrum gets heated up to 53°C for 30 minutes followed by skimming. Next is another heating step up to 70°C for 30 minutes. Afterwards the colostrum is cleared by centrifugation and bottled in easy to use and sizable portions. This service allows dairy and beef farmers to have their farm-specific colostrum cleared from the MAP bacterium.

Teutusi piglets

O le vele o se taimi faigata mo tamaʻi puaa ma lulu. Ina ia faʻaititia aafiaga le lelei o le susuina, e tatau ona sauni le lulu ma puaʻa mo lenei gaioiga faigata. I Romania, i luga o faʻatoʻaga tele o le susuina e faia i le matua o le 35 aso pe a fai o le piglets mamafa i le averesi 6-8 kg, ma i laʻititi faʻavasegaina faʻatoʻaga, na faia i le tausaga o 8 vaiaso pe a latou mamafa 12-14 kg. O tulafono o le veleina o susu e faʻatatau lava i le faifai malie o fesuiaʻiga o tamaʻi puaa mai le pulega a le pepe i le pulega o tamaʻi puaʻa ua le susu, e pei o le: faʻaopopoina o meaʻai i tamaʻi puaʻa mai le 7-8 aso le matua ina ia mafai ai ona latou faʻateleina le faʻateleina o taumafa ma masani ai i le mautu fafagaina, ma faʻaititia le numera o susu fafaga 4-5 aso ae le i vavaeese. Faʻaititia le auala e faʻasusu ai, e taʻitaʻi ai le tamaʻi puaʻa e faʻaalu isi meaʻai i se aofaʻi tele.

Lenei gaioiga ua fautuaina e faapea:
-5 aso ae e te leʻi susu, 4-5 avanoa faʻasusu;
-4 aso ae e te leʻi susu, 3-4 avanoa faʻasusu;
-3 aso ae e te leʻi susu, 2-3 avanoa faʻasusu;
-2 aso ae e te leʻi susu, 1-2 avanoa faʻasusu;
- tasi susu faʻatagaina i le aso o le susu.

O le lulu e tuua ae o tamaʻi puaʻa e nofo pea i le potu failele mo le 5-10 aso, fuafua i le tekonolosi o loʻo faʻaogaina. 2-3 aso ae e te leʻi vaʻaina le susu, o le aofaʻi o fafaga na faʻatautaia i le lulu na faʻaititia, ma i le aso o le susuina o le lulu e le maua ai le fafagaina, ae naʻo le vai ma le libitum.

Colostrum management protocol mo tamaʻi povi

 

E fananau mai tamai povi ma lalo o le puipuiga o le tino; e leai ni vailaʻau faʻamalosi e tau ai faʻamaʻi ma e matua lamatia lava i faʻamaʻi. Lelei colostrum pulega e taua tele i le tamaʻi povi, aemaise lava pe a fai o le maualuga o le faʻamaʻi pipisi. Ua atiaʻe e le ZLTO se pulega faʻataʻitaʻi o le colostrum - o nai fesoasoani ia.

  • Susu le povi i le taimi lava na fanau ai. O le muamua colostrum o se sili ona lelei sili ona lelei.
  • Fua le lelei o le colostrum e fuafua ai le aofaʻi o vailaʻau e faʻaaogaina ai le colostrometer poʻo le hydrometer. Lafoaʻi le colostrum ma le lelei <50 g / L. Lenei avatu ia te oe mautinoa e uiga i le aofaʻi o antodies i le colostrum nai lo le mateina mai foliga vaaia.
  • Ia mautinoa o mama le colostrum ma fafagaina mea faigaluega. O palapala e i ai siama ma o le a faʻaititia ai le aafiaga o le vailaʻau i le colostrum.
  • I totonu o le 1 itula talu ona fanau mai, ave le tamaʻi povi 4 lita (10% o le tino mamafa pe a iloa) o le colostrum pe tusa o le 40 tikeri Celsius. O le vave ona maua mai le colostrum pe a fanau mai le tele o vailaʻau e mafai ona mitiia e le tamai povi i totonu o lona manava.
  • Faʻaaoga sili le teat pe a faʻatautaia le colostrum. Ole mea lea e maua ai se mimiti susu e faʻaosofia ai le gaioiga.
  • Faʻamalo le colostrum o totoe mo faʻasao i le vevela tumau o le -18 tikeri. Faʻailoga ole colostrum ma le numera o faʻamaʻi ma le aso ma tiaʻi le colostrum mai ni povi lelei a Johnes.
  • O le tatauina o le suasusu lona lua mo le fafaga lona lua colostrum e tatau ona faia i le 12 i le 18 itula pe a uma le fanau mai ina ia mautinoa ai ua uma ona taliaina e le tamaʻi povi ia lava vailaau.
  • Talanoa i le colostrum protocol ma le faufautua a le ZLTO poʻo lau fomaʻi manu.

Lelei colostrum pulega mautinoa se amataga lelei mo le tamaʻi povi ma o lona uiga laʻititi faʻamaʻi, lea e faʻaititia ai le manaʻoga mo le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau. O tamaʻi povi o le lumanaʻi o le lafu ma e tatau ona vaʻaia ma le faʻaeteete i ai.