Puipuia faʻamaʻi pipisi 

Puipuiga o faamai > Biosecurity > alagāʻoa > Puipuia Streptococcal faʻamaʻi

E i ai le tele o pulega auala e mafai ona faia agai i le puipuia o Streptococcal faʻamaʻi. Biosecurity tulafono ua fuafuaina e puipuia ai le faʻaofiina o siama pei Streptococcus suis i luga o le faʻatoʻaga tatau ona faʻaaloalo. O mea taua o le: tuʻu eseʻesega mama ma palapala vaega, biosecurity auala mo tagata ulufale atu i le fale povi (fufulu lima, kamupani lavalava ma seevae), faʻatapulaʻaina le faʻatauina o manu, ma le tatau lelei faʻatonutonuina pest.

O fua e faʻatatau i le salalau o siama i totonu o le faʻatoaga e tatau foi ona maitauina. O le toe faʻatulagaina o Piglet e tatau ona faʻatapulaʻaina ma faia e ala i se faʻavae ua maeʻa faʻavaeina. A faʻapea e faʻafailele ia lulu, o mea ia e tatau ona aumai i tamaʻi puaʻa (ae le faʻalua). Galulue laina e tatau ona faʻaaloalo, mai talavou i matua (farrowing pen -> piglet batter -> fattening pig). I le va o fale o manu, e taua le fufulu o lima ma suia ofu atoa ma seevae. E fautuaina le iai o masini eseese mo vaega o meaola, ma ia faʻamama ma faʻamamaina masani lenei mea.

I le taimi o le faʻatoʻaga, e tatau ona aveʻese le lapisi otaota. E taua le puipuia o manuʻa: afai e manaʻomia le faʻaleagaina o le tino, e tatau ona faia faʻalelei; ma le tatau ona aveʻesea nifo aveʻesea. O le foloa i le peni farrowing tatau ona le talatala, e aloese ai mai manuʻa.

Piglets tatau ona susu i lalo le itiiti ifo i le 25 aso le matua; manu o le lava litters tatau ona tausia faʻatasi ma piglets tatau ona vavaeʻese i le matua.

A maeʻa le susu, o le faʻaaogaina o meaʻai fou ma vai inu ma lava le malamalama e tatau ona mautinoa. O le fale piglet tatau ona mago ma lava mafanafana (vevela tatau ona 5 ° C mafanafana nai lo le farrowing pen). O le tafe o le ea i totonu o le maa e tatau ona siaki puipuia ai le faʻataʻitaʻiga i le tulaga o le taoto eria.

I le iuga, faʻamamaina ma le faʻamamaina o uarota e tatau ona mulimulitaʻi i le faʻatonutonuina o maliega: faʻamamago mamago, faʻasusu, faʻamamaina faʻamamago, faamagoina, disinfection.

Laasaga taua e 7 ma le tagata lava ia i le faʻamamaina lelei ma le faʻamamaina o le vai mo fale teu lafumanu 

O le faʻamamaina ma le faʻamamaina (C&D) o fale lafumanu i le va o le gaosiga o taʻamilosaga e taua tele i le mauaina o se lelei faʻatoaga biosecurity. E sili atu C & D 7 laʻasaga taʻitasi e manaʻomia ona faʻatinoina ile faʻasologa o taimi!

  1. Amata i le faʻamamagoina o le fale povi e aveʻese ai otaota otaota, lafoaʻi fafaga ma laina o vai, ma aveʻese le palapala. O le laʻititi mea totoina mea totoe, o le sili atu le lelei o le C & D o le a, sefeina oloa, vai ma taimi.
  2. I le sitepu 2 e faʻasusu muamua le faleʻoloa i le vai ae sosoʻo ma le vai ma le vailaʻau mo le faʻamamaina lelei o gaʻo ma palapala. Foam e tatau ona sili atu mo lona taimi faʻafesoʻotaʻi umi, sili atu vaʻaia ma le aoga. Faʻamama le fale teu oloa mai le foloa i le faʻalo i luga mo se taimi umi faʻafesoʻotaʻi. Tuʻu se taimi talafeagai mo le foam e galue ai luga o le palapala a o le i oʻo i le isi sitepu o le mulumuluina ma le masini fufulu maualuga i le va o le 50 ma le 120 pa.
  3. Fufulu le fale teuoloa mai le faʻalo i le foloa lalo e puipuia ai le toefaʻamamaina o luga o lo o faʻamamaina luga luga.
  4. Le isi, sili ona taua ole sitepu 4: faʻamago aʻo leʻi faʻamamaina. Ia mautinoa e kilia mea fafaga ma ipu inu mai le fufuluina o vai ma faʻamamoe le foloa. E taua tele le puipuia o le faʻaleagaina o le disinfection oloa e mautinoa ai lona aoga!
  5. Disinfection i le sitepu 5 mafai ona faia i auala eseese: susu, vevela disinfection, foam, fumigation po o tuʻufaʻatasia. Faʻapea foi mea uma gaogao, ogatotonu auala, potu faʻapitoa ma ofisa, lavalava ma seevae manaʻomia C & D.
  6. Laʻasaga 6 o loʻo faʻamagoina le vai disinfection solution. Fufulu ia fafaga meaʻai ma mea inu e puipuia ai le ulufale mai o manu e 'aina soʻo se disinfection oloa.
  7. O le laʻasaga mulimuli, aʻo le taua tele e masani ona le amanaʻiaina: faʻataʻitaʻia le aoga o lau C&D faʻataʻitaʻiga e le tatau ona faʻatapulaʻaina i le vaʻaia o ata ae e aofia ai ma le aveina o vailaʻau faʻamama e iloilo ai le mamafa o le pathogen i le fale teu.

Disinfection fola vevela ma se afi afi i fale teu moa mo sili atu puipuiga o coccidian ma siama siama

Maeʻaeʻa le faʻamamaina ma le faʻamamaina i le va o taʻamilosaga o loʻo mulimuli mai, o se autu taua mo le faʻataʻitaʻiga o le puaa ma le pipi mo le puipuia o faʻamaʻi ma le tuʻuina i lalo o faʻamaʻi pipisi i le fale manu. Pea, i fola-fale fausiaina faʻavae, o le fola e mafai ona avea pea ma se faʻatanoa o meaola. O taʻetaʻei ma pu i le foloa e mafai ona avea ma ni nofoaga faigata e matua mamate ai ma tumau ai i se mea e mafai ona faʻalafi mo siama pathogenic ma coccidian oocologists ma anufe fuamoa. O le faʻamamaina o coccidian oocysts mafai ona sili atu ona faigata talu ai o nei meaola o lo o faʻaauau pea ma tele aʻafia i vailaʻau vailaʻau faʻasea vagana ai le amonia.

O se lelei disinfection metotia, faʻamaonia i le faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le vevela disinfection poʻo le disinfection faʻavae i luga o le radiation. O le vevela disinfection o loʻo faʻatinoina ma se masini ma le vevela o le 750 ° C faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma le fola mo na o ni nai sekone i le taimi o le pito i luga vaega o le foloa vevela i luga i le 300 i le 400 ° C. O le faʻatapulaʻa faʻafesoʻotaʻi ma le foloa puipuia ai le faʻaleagaina o le fola sima, ae fasiotia lelei meaola pathogenic. O nisi kamupani faʻapitoa faʻapitoa moa e ofaina lenei fofo ma mafai foi ona faʻamamaina puipui o le fale o manu i se auala faʻapena, faʻamamaina faʻamaʻi pipisi leaga mai le pa moa.

O loʻo avanoa foʻi ma faʻapipiʻi i totonu ole faʻatoʻaga fualaʻau afi afi ma faʻatagaina mo se auala taugofie mo le faʻamamaina o fale povi.

Le aʻafiaga ole maualalo ole vevela ile povi susu

The low temperature below the thermal neutrality zone influences the comfort, health and production of dairy cows. The thermal comfort in the dairy cow depends on age, breed, feed intake, production, housing conditions, body fat deposits, skin condition and animal behavior. The function of thermoregulation becomes functional after the disappearance of the blood fructose, respectively after 6 days in calves.

The effect of the low temperature on the metabolic and physiological adaptation for dairy cows is identified by: increased consumption of dry matter, increased frequency of rumination, increased motility of the gastrointestinal tract, increases basal metabolic rate and energy requirement for the maintenance of vital functions, consumption of body oxygen, increases heart rate, increases adrenaline, cortisol and growth hormones, lipolysis, glycogenogenesis, glycogenolysis, increases production of liver glycogen. At the level of the body, peripheral vasoconstriction occurs, the reduction of heat loss through sweating and the increase of thermogenesis.

In the Holstein-Frisien breed, milk production remains constant in the range -10 … 12°C, while in Jersey breed the production gradually decreases to below + 5°C (explained by the low body weight).

In order to alleviate cold stress, the following are recommended: measures to prevent the freezing of water and water storage tanks, increasing the amount of feed, especially high-energy feed, preventing the increase of humidity inside the shelter, keeping the udder dry by using dry bedding.

Le puipuia ma le faʻatonutonuina o mastitis i mamoe

Mastitis o o se sili a Faʻafitauli i le faʻatoʻaga susu, o se taufaʻamataʻu i le soifua maloloina manu ma le soifua manuia, gaosiga lelei, ma oloa lelei. Mastitis o le iʻuga o faʻamaʻi pipisi pei o Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp. ma Staphylococcus aureus, ulufale i le mammary gland e ala i alavai lauti, faʻamautuina se iniseti intramammary (IMI) ma mafua ai i se faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻiO le faʻamaʻi mafai ona i ai i se fomaʻi poʻo subclinical fomu. 

I le subclinical fomu; faʻaitiitia le gaosiga o susu, o loʻo i ai siama i totonu o le faʻalilolilo, ma ua suia suiga. Faʻasalalau o faʻamaʻi pipisi mastitis masani tupu i le taimi o susu. Bteuteu e fesoʻotaʻi vavalalata foʻi ma siama faʻaalia o le mamoe talu ai e mafai ona tuʻusaʻo tama fetaui ma mea e momoe ai o se muamua mafuaʻaga o mastitis mafua ai pathogens. 

Suʻega e tatau ona faʻaaogaina e iloa ai le i ai o iniseti-mammary faʻamaʻi (IMI) a le tuusao (faʻavasegaina o le mafuaʻaga siama) o le le tuʻufaʻatasi (e ala i le faʻaalia o tali faʻavevesi aofia ai ma le maualuga somatic cell count-SCC). 

O se polokalame tui puipui e fautuaina ina ia aofia i le faʻatonutonuina o mastitis faʻatasi ai ma le tumama auala i lafu mamoe. Mfomaʻi faiga ono fesoasoani i le faʻaititia o le faʻasalalauina o siama, ae o togafitiga antimicrobial o mastitis e le o taimi uma e manuia ai. A le lelei togafitiga, aveʻesega o meaola faʻamaʻi mai le lafu, e puipuia ai le pipisi pipisi, atonu e talafeagai. 

le faʻatinoina o faiga o le biosecurity pei o le: 

  1. lelei le galueaina o susu ma le tatauina o susu ma le tausiga masani o le masini susuma 
  2. Faʻaogaina o le post-milking teat disinfection  

mafai ona puipuia le faʻalauiloaina ma le tuʻuina atu o mastitis i susu susu, ma o le mea lea, faʻaititia ai vailaʻau faʻafomaʻi. 

Tulaga sili ona lelei fale mo mamoe

Housing conditions, including ventilation rate, temperature, humidity, bedding and stocking density, are directly correlated with health, welfare and performance of dairy ruminants. Bedding materials contaminated with animals’ excreta (urine, dung, manure) have increased microbial growth, resulting in mastitis problems which increase somatic cell count in milk and umbilical cord infection in lambs.

Bedding conditions (moisture, temperature, pH), combined with limited ventilation rate also affect atmospheric ammonia concentration, which above a critical value (25 ppm) negatively affects animals health and welfare.

Gaseous ammonia is a severe irritant to the respiratory tract, capable of inhibiting the efficiency of the respiratory system at high levels. Slowed breathing, coughing, eye, mouth and nose irritation, poor weight gain, decreased resistance to diseases are some of the main symptoms of high ammonia concentration.

Production indices such as feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and productivity are all adversely affected in sheep and lambs by exposure to ammonia levels above 50 ppm.

Thus, an adequate ventilation rate in the animal house to renew the atmospheric air in it, keeping the moisture levels of bedding to minimum, more frequent replacement of bedding, and lower stocking densities are some of the main good practices to reduce the atmospheric ammonia level in animal houses. This helps to reduce the risk of infections and the use of antibiotics for their treatment.

Puipuia le pipili i le lafu povi

Diseases of the hoof affect the welfare of the animal and require expensive treatments, with negative effects on milk production and reproductive activity. Studies conducted worldwide estimate that the prevalence of laminitis is between 20 and 30%. The dairy cow is expected to produce large amounts of milk, often leading to combined problems of the udder and hooves. The pressure on the cow’s body to produce milk determines a metabolic stress that decrease her immunity.

The main causes of diseases of the hoof in cows are: high stocking densities in the stable; poor quality of the floor on which the cow treads, frequent changes to grouping, excessive energy and protein from the feed ration, and genetics (the problems of the hooves are inherited through breeding).

Several measures can help to prevent hoof diseases in dairy cows, such as: maintaining good hygiene in the shelters, keeping the floors of the barn clean and dry; bathing the hoof of the cows before or after leaving the milking parlour and maintaining the same bath for a period of 2-3 days; periodic trimming, at least 2-3 times a year; feeding rations which are energy and protein balanced during the transition period; reducing the frequency of modifications to the feed rations; and ensuring feeds utilise good quality fats according to nutritional requirements.

In the dry period, the concentrated feed should be reduced, or even eliminated, from the ration, and after calving the inclusion of concentrates should gradually increase. The addition of Zinc to the ration has favourable effects on the skin and the hooves. Furthermore, animal breeding should be directed towards obtaining animals with strong bones, correct statutre and resistance to hoof diseases.

Faʻamamaina ma faʻamamaina i luga o moa, puaa ma fale lafumanu

 

O le faʻamaʻaina, tamai tamaʻi mamoe ma le faʻatoʻaga o ni mea faigata ma ono ono lamatia ai le faaleagaina o le lafumanu o loʻo teuina i totonu le siama.

Ole peni a se manu e tatau ona mauaina se loloto, mama atoatoa MA faʻamamaina masani. Ina ia aapa atu ma aveʻese uma siama, e tatau ona faʻamama (faʻataʻitaʻi ma se vailaʻau fualaʻau) ae le i faʻataunuʻuina le faʻamamaina (ie ma se vailaʻau). O siama i lalo o le vaega o le palapala e le mafai ona oʻo i se isi auala. I le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau fualaʻau, o le puipuiga vaega o le palapala poʻo meaola ua 'siʻi', lea e faʻatagaina ai siama e oʻo atu i le faʻaleleia atili o le aafiaga o le mama. Filifilia o se fufuluina oloa mo tuutuuga e tatau ona faʻaaogaina i totonu ma faʻatagaina ia galue mo le sili atu i le afa itula o se lelei faʻataʻitaʻiga. O se vaitaimi o le faʻamamago pe a uma le faʻamamaina fesoasoani foi faʻateleina le mama. Vaʻai i faʻatonuga a le oloa e mautinoa ai o loʻo faʻaoga le vailaʻau e tineia ai le toto i le faʻasologa saʻo. Tuʻu luga o luga mo le taimi faatonuina ona faʻamama lea e aveʻese.

O lenei faʻamamaina ma le faʻamamaina o le tino e tausia le siosiomaga o lafumanu e teu i le mama e mafai ai. O siama e pei o siama o loʻo teuina i ni tulaga maualalo e le mafai ai ona maua se faʻamaʻi pipisi ma mafai ai ona faʻaititia le faʻaaogaina o vailaʻau.